Statutory interest (art. 395 of the Russian Civil Code)
Interest on a money debt at the Bank of Russia key rate — by actual days, following every change of the rate.
Payments and further debt
A partial payment lowers the debt from the day it was made, further borrowing raises it. Every later day is charged on what was actually owed.
Interest for the period
79 537,66 ₽
days of delay: 366
Debt at the end
500 000,00 ₽
after the payments
Total claimed
579 537,66 ₽
debt and interest
Days charged
366
of 366 in the period
The calculation, rate period by rate period
| Period | Days | Debt | Rate | Days in year | Interest |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 01.08.2025 — 14.09.2025 | 45 | 500 000,00 ₽ | 18% | 365 | 11 095,89 ₽ |
| 15.09.2025 — 26.10.2025 | 42 | 500 000,00 ₽ | 17% | 365 | 9 780,82 ₽ |
| 27.10.2025 — 21.12.2025 | 56 | 500 000,00 ₽ | 16,5% | 365 | 12 657,53 ₽ |
| 22.12.2025 — 15.02.2026 | 56 | 500 000,00 ₽ | 16% | 365 | 12 273,97 ₽ |
| 16.02.2026 — 22.03.2026 | 35 | 500 000,00 ₽ | 15,5% | 365 | 7 431,51 ₽ |
| 23.03.2026 — 26.04.2026 | 35 | 500 000,00 ₽ | 15% | 365 | 7 191,78 ₽ |
| 27.04.2026 — 21.06.2026 | 56 | 500 000,00 ₽ | 14,5% | 365 | 11 123,29 ₽ |
| 22.06.2026 — 26.07.2026 | 35 | 500 000,00 ₽ | 14,25% | 365 | 6 832,19 ₽ |
| 27.07.2026 — 01.08.2026 | 6 | 500 000,00 ₽ | 14% | 365 | 1 150,68 ₽ |
| Total | 79 537,66 ₽ | ||||
Each row is a stretch over which neither the debt, nor the rate, nor the length of the year changed. The total is the sum of the rows, so the calculation adds up on paper.
This calculation is for information only and is not legal advice. Check the period, the amounts and whether the moratorium applies before filing anything.
Reference block: the method, a worked example and answers to common questions. It does not affect the calculation above.
How it is calculated
- Article 395 of the Russian Civil Code says that interest on money used by somebody who had no right to keep it is determined by the Bank of Russia key rate in force in the relevant periods. The arithmetic follows from that: interest = debt * rate / 100 * days / days_in_year — not once for the whole delay, but separately over every stretch on which the rate held still.
- Three things cut the delay into stretches. The first is a change of the key rate: from that day until the next change the calculation runs at the new one. The second is New Year: every day is divided by the length of its own year, so 2024 goes over 366 and 2025 over 365, and a delay crossing the boundary splits itself. The third is movement of the debt: a partial payment lowers it from the day it was made, further borrowing raises it, and every later day is charged on what was actually owed.
- The period is counted in actual days and includes both ends. It starts the day after the obligation should have been performed and ends on the day of payment — or on the day you are making the calculation for. The accrual runs in exact fractions rather than on a rounded daily figure, while each row is rounded once and the total is the sum of the rows: a calculation that does not agree with itself is easy to argue against.
Worked example
Take a debt of 500 000 ₽ in delay from 1 March 2025 to 1 March 2026 — 366 days. The key rate moved seven times over that year, so the calculation comes out as seven rows: 100 days at 21%, 49 days at 20%, 49 days at 18%, 42 days at 17%, 56 days at 16.5%, 56 days at 16% and 14 days at 15.5%.
The first row: 500 000 * 21 / 100 * 100 / 365 = 28 767,12 ₽. The last: 500 000 * 15,5 / 100 * 14 / 365 = 2 972,60 ₽. The interest comes to 91 958,89 ₽, and 591 958,89 ₽ is claimed together with the debt. Add the seven rows on a calculator and you land exactly on the total — which is how the calculation reads as an annex to a claim.
Frequently asked questions
How is art. 395 interest different from a contractual penalty?
Art. 395 interest is statutory: it accrues even if the contract says nothing about it, and it runs at the key rate. A penalty is contractual — the parties set the size themselves, usually as a percentage for each day of delay. Where a contract provides a penalty, it is generally the penalty that is claimed rather than statutory interest; the toggle on this page computes either.
Which day does the delay start on?
The day after the last day for performance. If payment was due by the 10th inclusive, the first day of delay is the 11th. The last day of the period is the day of actual payment, and it counts too: the calculation includes both ends.
What about partial payments?
Enter them in the list, with a date and an amount. The debt drops from the day of the payment and every later day is charged on the remainder. The order you add them in does not affect the result: the calculator rebuilds the debt from the dates rather than accumulating it as you type.
What is the 2022 moratorium?
From 1 April to 1 October 2022 a moratorium on insolvency proceedings was in force (Government decree no. 497), and financial sanctions — art. 395 interest among them — generally do not accrue over it. If your delay touches those six months, tick the box: the days stay in the period, but no interest is charged for them.
Why divide by 365 sometimes and 366 at others?
Because a year is not always the same length while the rate is quoted per annum. A day of a leap year is worth slightly less than a day of an ordinary one, and that is how courts count it. The calculator takes the length of the year for each day separately, so you never have to cut the period at 31 December by hand.
Can this calculation be attached to a claim?
The table exports to Word and can be attached: it shows every stretch, the rate, the number of days and the amount, and the total agrees with the sum of the rows. It is an informational calculation rather than legal advice, though — check the dates, the amounts and whether the moratorium applies, and take anything contentious to a lawyer.
What if the debt arose before 2013?
The key rate was introduced on 17 September 2013; before it the refinancing rate applied — a different instrument with different values. For days earlier than that the calculator charges nothing and shows them as a separate row with no rate, rather than substituting a figure that did not exist at the time.
Does the same apply to a debt in foreign currency?
No. The Bank of Russia key rate relates to rouble obligations; a currency debt is measured against different benchmarks, and this calculator is not meant for it.